Unboxing a PacketTunneling at the network layer

A packet inside a packet

Host 10.1.0.10 wants to reach 10.2.0.20. Both are private addresses, and the Internet in between has no route to them. The routers R1 and R2 build a tunnel. Step through it and read the real bytes.

The bytes

Tunnel wrapperOriginal IP headerUDP header and message

Outer header

Original header

Do Not Fragment bit